Ukufakwa kweekhowudi koonobumba kwi-HTML
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Landela nje ngokulula, ukufakwa kweekhowudi koMlinganiswa kwiHTML
Ukufakwa kweekhowudi ngoonobumba kwi-HTML kubalulekile kumboniso ochanekileyo kunye nokusebenza komxholo wewebhu kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga. Embindini wayo, ubhalo lwekhowudi luchaza uluhlu lwabalinganiswa (oonobumba, iisimboli, kunye neekhowudi zolawulo) olunokuthi lusetyenziswe luxwebhu kunye nendlela aba nobumba bamelwe ngayo ngee-bytes. Ukubaluleka koku akukwazi ukunyanzeliswa, njengoko kuqinisekisa ukuba umbhalo uvela njengoko kuhloswe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isixhobo okanye isiphequluli esisetyenziswa ngumbonisi. I-HTML isetyenziswe ekuqaleni i-ASCII (iKhowudi eMigangatho yaseMelika yoTshintsho loLwazi) kubhalo lwekhowudi, olwanele kumbhalo wesiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, ngobume behlabathi be-intanethi, oku kwakhawuleza kwaba ngumda. Ukuqaliswa kwe-Unicode kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo kwi-encoding ye-UTF-8 kuphawule ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo. I-UTF-8 inokumela wonke umlinganiswa kwiseti yoonobumba be-Unicode, ebandakanya ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1 samagama anokubakho. Oku kuquka phantse lonke ulwimi olubhaliweyo olusetyenziswayo namhlanje, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisisombululo jikelele kubaqulunqi bomxholo wewebhu kunye nabaphuhlisi abajolise ekufikelelekeni okubanzi kunye nokuhambelana.
Ukwamkela umlinganiswa ochanekileyo wokufakwa kweekhowudi kumaxwebhu akho e-HTML kulula kodwa kubalulekile. Ukuchaza i-UTF-8 encoding ngaphakathi koxwebhu lweHTML iqinisekisa ukuba okubhaliweyo kumelwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kuqondwe ngabakhangeli behlabathi. Oku kwenziwa ngokuquka imeta tag ngaphakathi kwentloko yecandelo loxwebhu lweHTML, ibhengeza usebenziso lwekhowudi yomsebenzisi. Lo mkhuba awugcini nje ngokuxhasa ukwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokufaka iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye neesimboli, kodwa kwakhona ukuthintela ukuxutywa kombhalo onokuthi kwenzeke xa isikhangeli sitolika ngendlela engafanelekanga i-encoding. Ngaphezu koko, ukungaguquguquki ekufakweni kweekhowudi kumaphepha ewebhu kuthintela iimpazamo ezinxulumene nekhowudi kwaye kwandisa amava omsebenzisi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo uboniswa njengoko bekucetyiwe. Njengoko i-intanethi iqhubeka nokuguquka njengeqonga lehlabathi, ukuqonda kunye nokuphumeza imigangatho ye-encoding yomlinganiswa ofanelekileyo kumaxwebhu e-HTML kuhlala kusisiseko sophuhliso lwewebhu, ukuqinisekisa ukucaca, ukufikeleleka, kunye namava okukhangela angenamthungo kubo bonke abasebenzisi.
UkuFakela iiKhowudi zoMlinganiswa oPhambili kwi-HTML: IsiKhokelo esiBanzi
“Ukufakwa kweeKhowudi zoMlinganiswa woBugcisa kwi-HTML: IsiKhokelo esiBanzi” siya kusebenza njengesixhobo esiyimfuneko kubaphuhlisi bewebhu, abaqulunqi bomxholo, kunye nabani na obandakanyekayo kupapasho lwedijithali. Esi sikhokelo siza kuphonononga kubuntsonkothi bekhowudi yeempawu-umba obalulekileyo wophuhliso lwewebhu oqinisekisa ukuboniswa okubhaliweyo ngokuchanekileyo kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye namaqonga. Ngokuqonda ukufakwa kweekhowudi zabalinganiswa, iingcali zinokuphepha imigibe eqhelekileyo efana nombhalo ogrunjiweyo, iisimboli ezaphukileyo, kunye neminye imiba enxulumene nokufakwa kwekhowudi enokuphazamisa kumava omsebenzisi kunye nokufikeleleka.
Ushwankathelo
Isikhokelo siya kuqala ngokujonga ngokubanzi ukuba zeziphi iikhowudi ezibhalwe ngabalinganiswa kwaye kutheni zibalulekile kwi-intanethi. Iza kuchaza umxholo wembali, ukuqala kwi-ASCII, umgangatho wokuqala wokufakwa kweekhowudi, ukuya ekwamkelwa kwe-Unicode kunye ne-UTF-8 njengemigangatho ye-de facto kumxholo wewebhu. Eli candelo lingabeka isiseko sokuqonda imiba yobugcisa kunye nokubaluleka kweendlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhowudwa.
I-Technical Deep Dive
Emva kwentshayelelo, isikhokelo siza kubonelela ngokuntywila okunzulu kobugcisa kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokufakwa kweekhowudi, kugxilwe kwi-Unicode kunye ne-UTF-8 ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nenkxaso. Iza kuchaza indlela abalinganiswa benziwe ngayo imephu kumaxabiso athile e-byte kunye nokuba oku kukuchaphazela njani unikezelo lombhalo kwizikhangeli zewebhu. Eli candelo liza kubandakanya imizekelo ebonakalayo kunye nothelekiso phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zekhowudi ukubonisa impembelelo yazo kumxholo wewebhu.
Ukuvula iHlabathi le-HTML yeeNkhowudi zoMlinganiswa: Ukusuka kwi-ASCII ukuya kwi-Unicode
Umxholo wezeMbali kunye neziseko
Isikhokelo siqala ngokuphonononga ukuvela kwembali ye-encodings yeempawu, ngokuqala nge-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTshintsho loLwazi), eyabeka isiseko sokumelwa kombhalo kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha. Abafundi baya kufunda malunga nemida ye-ASCII, ngakumbi ukungakwazi kwayo ukumela abalinganiswa abavela kwiilwimi ezingaphaya kwesiNgesi, ivula indlela yokuphuhliswa kwe-Unicode. Eli candelo limisela inqanaba lokuqonda imfuneko yeenkqubo zokukhowuda ezihambele phambili kwihlabathi elinxibeleleneyo.
Ukuqonda i-Unicode
Intliziyo yesikhokelo ijongisisa kwi-Unicode, icacisa indlela esi sikimu sokufakwa kweekhowudi zoonobumba behlabathi jikelele sizama ukubandakanya wonke umlinganiswa kulo lonke ulwimi olusetyenziswa eMhlabeni namhlanje. Igubungela iziseko ze-Unicode, kubandakanya ulwakhiwo, iiseti zabalinganiswa, kunye neefom zekhowudi ezifana ne-UTF-8, UTF-16, kunye ne-UTF-32. Ngeenkcazo ezicacileyo kunye nemizekelo ebonisa imizekelo, abafundi baya kuyiqonda indlela i-Unicode esebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni i-UTF-8 ibe yeyona nto ithandwayo yokukhowuda kumxholo wewebhu.
Usetyenziso olusebenzayo kwi-HTML
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwithiyori ukuya kwi-practice, isikhokelo sinikezela ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya ekuphumezeni iikhowudi zomlinganiswa kwi-HTML. Ibonisa indlela yokubhengeza usebenziso lwekhowudi yomlinganiswa kuxwebhu lweHTML usebenzisa iithegi kwaye ixoxe ngeempembelelo zokukhetha iikhowudi ezahlukeneyo. Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zibonelelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wewebhu ukhowudiwe ngokufanelekileyo, unceda ukuphepha imigibe eqhelekileyo efana nombhalo ogqwethekileyo okanye amanqaku emibuzo avela apho abalinganiswa kufuneka babe khona.
Ukufakwa kweeKhowudi ngoonobumba be-HTML kuNgacaciswanga: Ukuqinisekisa uMboniso weSibhalo seHlabathi liphela
I-Unicode: Isisombululo seHlabathi liphela
Ukuntywila nzulu, isikhokelo sigxile kwi-Unicode, ilitye lembombo leencoding yale mihla. Iqhekeza isakhiwo kunye nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ze-encoding ze-Unicode, ezifana ne-UTF-8, i-UTF-16, kunye ne-UTF-32, ichaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo, izibonelelo, kunye nendlela yokujongana nemida yeenkqubo zangaphambili. Ngemizekelo esebenzayo, abafundi baya kufunda indlela i-Unicode ixhasa ngayo uluhlu oluninzi lwabalinganiswa, iisimboli, kunye ne-emojis, iyenza ibe ngumgangatho oyimfuneko kunxibelelwano lwedijithali lwehlabathi.
Ukusebenzisa iiKhowudi zoMlinganiswa kwi-HTML
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwithiyori ukuya kwisicelo, "i-HTML Character Encodings Demystified" ikhokela abafundi kwiinkalo ezisebenzayo zokuphumeza iikhowudi zomlinganiswa kwi-HTML. Inika imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo ekubhengezeni ukufakwa kweekhowudi zomlinganiswa ngaphakathi koxwebhu lwe-HTML, igxininisa ukubaluleka kokucacisa i-UTF-8 ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okubanzi kunye nokuthintela imiba efana neempawu ezingachazwanga kakuhle okanye umbhalo ongafundekiyo.
IiNgcebiso eziGqwesileyo kunye neMigibe eqhelekileyo
Ukunceda abafundi bajonge imiceli mngeni enokubakho, le ncwadi ichaza ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokusebenzisa ubhalo lwekhowudi kwi-HTML, kubandakanywa ukungaguquguquki kwizibhengezo zekhowudi, uvavanyo kwiiphequluli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo, kunye neengcebiso zokuguqula kunye nokukhowuda umxholo welifa. Ikwajongana nemigibe eqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokusombulula imiba enxulumene ne-encoding engalunganga, inika izisombululo zokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo uboniswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufikeleleke kubo bonke abasebenzisi.
Mangaphi amagama akwisiza sakho?
Indima ebalulekileyo yokuFakwa kweeKhowudi zoMlinganiswa kuPhuhliso lweWebhu
Ukufakwa kweekhowudi ngoonobumba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwewebhu, kusebenza njengesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba okubhaliweyo kuboniswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye jikelele kwizikhangeli ezahlukeneyo, amaqonga, kunye nezixhobo. Lo mbandela ubalulekileyo wophuhliso lwewebhu uquka ukucaciswa kwesethi yeempawu (ezifana neeleta, iisimboli, kunye neekhowudi zokulawula) kunye nendlela aba balinganiswa bamelwe ngayo kwifom yedijithali. Undoqo wobhalo lwekhowudi lusekukwazini kwalo ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kolwimi lwabantu kunye nedatha yekhompyutha, eyenza ukumelwa okuchanekileyo nokungaguqukiyo kokubhaliweyo kumaxwebhu ewebhu.
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zekhompuyutha, i-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTyelwaniso lweNgcaciso) yayiyeyona migangatho iphambili yokukhowuda, eyilelwe ukumela abalinganiswa besiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-intanethi yavela kwiqonga lehlabathi, imida ye-ASCII yabonakala, ngenxa yokungakwazi kwayo ukwamkela abalinganiswa bezinye iilwimi. Lo mda ugxininise imfuneko yesikimu sokukhowuda esibanzi, esikhokelela kuphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-Unicode. I-Unicode imele ukutsibela phambili okukhulu, ibonelela ngabalinganiswa belizwe lonke abaquka ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1 abalinganiswa abanokubakho, igubungela phantse lonke ulwimi olubhaliweyo olusetyenziswayo namhlanje, kunye nentaphane yeesimboli kunye ne-emojis.
Ukujonga iiNgxaki zokuFakwa kweeKhowudi zoMlinganiswa kuMqulu weHTML
Ukuhamba ngobunzima bokufakwa kweekhowudi kumaxwebhu e-HTML sisakhono esibalulekileyo kubaphuhlisi bewebhu kunye nabaqulunqi bomxholo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbhalo uchanekileyo kwaye uboniswe ngokuqhubekayo kuzo zonke iiphequluli kunye namaqonga. Ubhalo loonobumba luchaza indlela abalinganiswa abamelwa ngayo ngee-bytes, eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo emisela indlela okubhaliweyo, kuquka noonobumba, amanani, kunye neesimboli, ezinikezelwa ngayo kumaxwebhu ewebhu. Ukukhethwa kunye nokubhengezwa kombhalo ochanekileyo wokufakwa kwekhowudi kuxwebhu lweHTML kubalulekile ekugcineni imfezeko kunye nokufundeka komxholo, ngakumbi kwimo ye-intanethi yeelwimi ezininzi kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi.
Amaxwebhu e-HTML ngokwesiko asetyenziswa i-ASCII, iskimu sokufakwa kweekhowudi ezinobumba esilinganiselweyo esimele abasebenzi besiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwanda kwe-intanethi yehlabathi jikelele, imfuno yesisombululo sehlabathi jikelele yabonakala, ekhokelela ekwamkelweni kwe-Unicode njengomgangatho oxhasa uluhlu oluninzi lwabalinganiswa abavela kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibhalo yehlabathi jikelele. I-UTF-8, i-Encoding ye-Unicode ekwaziyo ukumela ngaphezu kwesigidi sabalinganiswa abahlukeneyo, ibe ngumgangatho we-de facto wokufaka iikhowudi kumaxwebhu amatsha ewebhu ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhambelana ne-ASCII.