Inyuguti zerekana muri HTML
Kwinjiza CoveyIyi Guhindura kurubuga urwo arirwo rwose biroroshye bidasanzwe.
Urubuga rwindimi nyinshi rwakozwe byoroshye
Kurikiza gusa ibintu byoroheje, inyuguti zerekana muri HTML
Imyandikire yimyandikire muri HTML ningirakamaro kugirango yerekane neza imikorere yimikorere yurubuga mundimi zitandukanye. Ku nkingi yacyo, kodegisi yerekana imiterere yinyuguti (inyuguti, ibimenyetso, na code yo kugenzura) inyandiko ishobora gukoresha nuburyo izo nyuguti zigaragazwa na bytes. Akamaro kibi ntigashobora gusobanurwa, kuko yemeza ko inyandiko igaragara nkuko yabigenewe, utitaye kubikoresho cyangwa mushakisha abareba bakoresha. HTML yabanje gukoresha ASCII (Kode y'Abanyamerika isanzwe yo guhanahana amakuru) mugushushanya inyuguti, byari bihagije kumyandiko yicyongereza. Ariko, hamwe nimiterere yisi ya interineti, ibi byahise bigabanuka. Kwinjiza Unicode no kuyishyira mu bikorwa muri kodegisi ya UTF-8 byagaragaje iterambere rikomeye. UTF-8 irashobora guhagararira inyuguti zose muri Unicode yinyuguti, ikubiyemo inyuguti zisaga miliyoni. Ibi bikubiyemo ururimi rwose rwanditse rukoreshwa muri iki gihe, rukaba igisubizo rusange kubantu bakora urubuga hamwe nabateza imbere bagamije kugerwaho no guhuza byinshi.
Kwemeza inyuguti nyazo zanditse muri HTML yawe biroroshye ariko birakomeye. Kugaragaza kodegisi ya UTF-8 mu nyandiko ya HTML yemeza ko inyandiko ihagarariwe neza kandi igasobanurwa nabashakisha ku isi. Ibi bikorwa ushizemo meta tag mugice cyumutwe winyandiko ya HTML, utangaza inyuguti zikoreshwa. Ntabwo iyi myitozo ishyigikira amahanga gusa yakira indimi n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye, ariko kandi irinda imyanda yinyandiko ishobora kubaho mugihe mushakisha isobanura nabi kodegisi. Byongeye kandi, guhora mumiterere kodegisi kurupapuro rwurubuga birinda kodegisi yamakosa kandi byongera uburambe bwabakoresha mukwemeza ko ibirimo byerekanwe nkuko byateganijwe. Mugihe interineti ikomeje kwiyongera nkurubuga rwisi yose, gusobanukirwa no gushyira mubikorwa inyuguti zikwiye zerekana kodegisi mu nyandiko za HTML bikomeza kuba urufatiro rwiterambere ryurubuga, byemeza neza, kugerwaho, hamwe nuburambe bwo gushakisha kubakoresha bose.
Kumenya inyuguti ziranga muri HTML: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye
"Kumenyekanisha Imyandikire muri HTML: Ubuyobozi Bwuzuye" byakora nkibikoresho byingenzi kubateza urubuga, abakora ibintu, numuntu wese ugira uruhare mugutangaza amakuru. Aka gatabo kacengera muburyo bukomeye bwimiterere ya kodegisi - ikintu cyingenzi cyiterambere ryurubuga rutuma inyandiko yerekana neza mubikoresho bitandukanye. Mugusobanukirwa kodegisi yimiterere, abanyamwuga barashobora kwirinda imitego isanzwe nkumwandiko wuzuye, ibimenyetso bimenetse, nibindi bibazo bifitanye isano na kodegisi bishobora gutesha uburambe kubakoresha no kubigeraho.
Incamake
Ubuyobozi bwatangirana nincamake yimiterere ya kodegisi icyo aricyo n'impamvu ari ngombwa kuri enterineti. Byasobanura imiterere yamateka, guhera kuri ASCII, imiterere yumwimerere kodegisi isanzwe, kugeza iyemezwa rya Unicode na UTF-8 nkibipimo ngenderwaho byibirimo kurubuga. Iki gice cyashyiraho urufatiro rwo gusobanukirwa ibijyanye na tekiniki nakamaro ko gukora neza.
Ubuhanga bwimbitse
Nyuma yintangiriro, umurongo ngenderwaho watanga tekinike yimbitse muburyo butandukanye bwa kodegisi, yibanda kuri Unicode na UTF-8 kubera gukoreshwa kwinshi no gushyigikirwa. Byasobanura uburyo inyuguti zashizwe kumurongo wihariye wa byte nuburyo ibi bigira ingaruka kumyandikire yerekana kurubuga. Igice cyaba kirimo ingero zifatika no kugereranya hagati yubwoko butandukanye bwa kodegisi kugirango bigaragaze ingaruka zabyo kurubuga.
Gufungura Isi ya HTML Imiterere ya HTML: Kuva ASCII kugeza Unicode
Imiterere yamateka nishingiro
Ubuyobozi butangirana no gusuzuma ubwihindurize bwamateka yimiterere yimiterere, uhereye kuri ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), washyizeho urufatiro rwo kwerekana inyandiko muri sisitemu yo kubara. Abasomyi bazamenya aho ASCII igarukira, cyane cyane kuba idashobora guhagararira inyuguti ziva mu ndimi zirenze Icyongereza, bigatanga inzira yiterambere rya Unicode. Iki gice gishyiraho urwego rwo gusobanukirwa ibikenewe bya sisitemu yo gutera imbere mu isi ihuza isi yose.
Gusobanukirwa Unicode
Umutima wuyobora ucengera muri Unicode, usobanura uburyo iyi gahunda yo gushushanya imiterere yisi yose igerageza gukwirakwiza inyuguti zose kuva mururimi rwose rukoreshwa kwisi muri iki gihe. Irimo ibyibanze bya Unicode, harimo imyubakire yacyo, imiterere yimiterere, hamwe na kodegisi nka UTF-8, UTF-16, na UTF-32. Binyuze mubisobanuro bisobanutse nurugero rwerekana, abasomyi bazasobanukirwa uburyo Unicode ikora nimpamvu UTF-8 yabaye kodegisi ikunzwe kubirimo kurubuga.
Porogaramu Ifatika muri HTML
Inzibacyuho kuva mubitekerezo ujya mubikorwa, ubuyobozi butanga ubushishozi burambuye mugushira mubikorwa inyuguti muri HTML. Irerekana uburyo bwo gutangaza inyuguti zanditse mu nyandiko ya HTML ukoreshejetagi kandi uganire ku ngaruka zo guhitamo kodegisi zitandukanye. Impanuro zifatika zitangwa kugirango tumenye neza ko ibiri kurubuga byanditse neza, bifasha kwirinda imitego isanzwe nkumwandiko wanditseho cyangwa ibimenyetso byibibazo bigaragara aho inyuguti zigomba kuba.
HTML Inyuguti ya HTML Yerekanwe: Kwemeza Kwerekana Inyandiko Yose
Unicode: Igisubizo rusange
Kwibira byimbitse, ubuyobozi bwibanze kuri Unicode, ibuye ryimfuruka yimiterere igezweho. Isenya imiterere na gahunda zitandukanye za kodegisi ya Unicode, nka UTF-8, UTF-16, na UTF-32, isobanura imikoreshereze, inyungu, nuburyo bakemura imbogamizi za sisitemu zabanje. Binyuze mu ngero zifatika, abasomyi bazamenya uburyo Unicode ishyigikira umurongo munini winyuguti, ibimenyetso, na emojis, bigatuma iba igipimo cyingirakamaro mu itumanaho rya digitale ku isi.
Gushyira mubikorwa Kode ya Kode muri HTML
Guhindura kuva mubitekerezo ukajya mubikorwa, "HTML Inyuguti Encodings Demystified" iyobora abasomyi muburyo bufatika bwo gushyira mubikorwa inyuguti muri HTML. Itanga intambwe ku ntambwe amabwiriza yo gutangaza inyuguti zanditse mu nyandiko ya HTML, ishimangira akamaro ko kwerekana UTF-8 kugira ngo ihuze neza kandi ikumire ibibazo nk'inyuguti zidasobanuwe neza cyangwa inyandiko idasomwe.
Imyitozo myiza nibisanzwe
Kugira ngo ufashe abasomyi kumenya imbogamizi zishobora kubaho, igitabo cyerekana uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha kodegisi yimiterere muri HTML, harimo guhuzagurika mu gutangaza kodegisi, kugerageza kuri mushakisha n’ibikoresho bitandukanye, hamwe ninama zo guhindura no gushushanya ibikubiye mu murage. Irakemura kandi imitego isanzwe nuburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bijyanye na kodegisi itari yo, itanga ibisubizo kugirango ibyerekanwe neza kandi byoroshye kubakoresha bose.
Amagambo angahe kurubuga rwawe?
Uruhare rwibanze rwimiterere yimiterere mugutezimbere urubuga
Imyandikire yinyuguti igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere urubuga, rukaba urufatiro rwo kwemeza ko inyandiko yerekana neza kandi muri rusange kurubuga rwa interineti rutandukanye, urubuga, nibikoresho. Iyi ngingo ikomeye yiterambere ryurubuga ikubiyemo ibisobanuro byerekana urutonde rwinyuguti (nk'inyuguti, ibimenyetso, hamwe na code yo kugenzura) nuburyo izo nyuguti zigaragara muburyo bwa digitale. Intangiriro yimiterere ya kodegisi iri mubushobozi bwayo bwo guca icyuho kiri hagati yururimi rwabantu namakuru ya mudasobwa, bigafasha kwerekana neza kandi bihamye inyandiko mubyangombwa byurubuga.
Mu minsi ya mbere yo kubara, ASCII (Kode y'Abanyamerika yo Kungurana amakuru) niyo yambere ya kodegisi yambere, yagenewe guhagararira inyuguti zicyongereza. Ariko, uko interineti yahindutse urubuga rwisi, imipaka ya ASCII yagaragaye, bitewe nuko idashobora kwakira inyuguti ziva mu zindi ndimi. Iyi mbogamizi yashimangiye ko ari ngombwa ko hashyirwaho uburyo bunoze bwo gushushanya, biganisha ku iterambere no kwemeza Unicode. Unicode yerekana gusimbuka gutera imbere, itanga imiterere rusange igizwe nabantu barenga miriyoni imwe ishobora kuba ikubiyemo, ururimi rwose rwanditse rukoreshwa muri iki gihe, hamwe nibimenyetso byinshi na emojis.
Kuyobora Ingorabahizi Ziranga Inyuguti muri HTML Inyandiko
Kuyobora ibintu bigoye byerekana kodegisi yinyandiko mu nyandiko ya HTML nubuhanga bukomeye kubateza urubuga hamwe nabashinzwe gukora ibirimo, kwemeza ko inyandiko igaragara neza kandi ihora igaragara kurubuga rwa interineti rutandukanye. Imyandikire yerekana inyuguti zigaragaza uburyo inyuguti zigaragazwa na bytes, ikintu cyibanze kigena uburyo inyandiko, harimo inyuguti, imibare, nibimenyetso, itangwa mubyangombwa byurubuga. Guhitamo no gutangaza inyuguti nyazo zikubiye mu nyandiko ya HTML ni ingenzi mu gukomeza ubunyangamugayo no gusoma neza ibirimo, cyane cyane mu ndimi nyinshi kandi zifite imico myinshi.
HTML inyandiko zisanzwe zikoreshwa ASCII, gahunda yo gushushanya inyuguti zigarukira gusa kugereranya inyuguti zicyongereza. Nyamara, hamwe no kwaguka kwa interineti kwisi yose, hagaragaye igisubizo gikwiye ku isi hose, bituma Unicode ifatwa nkigipimo gishyigikira inyuguti nini ziva mu ndimi n’inyandiko zitandukanye ku isi. UTF-8, kodegisi ya Unicode ishoboye guhagararira abantu barenga miriyoni inyuguti zitandukanye, yahindutse muburyo busanzwe bwo gushiraho inyandiko nshya zurubuga kubera imikorere yayo kandi ihuza na ASCII.